Where Do Register Django Blocks
In our getting started with Django tutorial, I showed you lot how to get a Django site upward and running. The templates we rendered were very basic though.
This is definitely not how you want your site to look like. 
How do you get your site to expect ameliorate? Simple! Add some styling. In this tutorial, I will show you how to add together some CSS and JavaScript to your Django templates in order to make them look much amend. To practice that, you first demand to understand the concept of static files in Django.
Setting upwardly a Django Project
Let'south set our test Django project. Showtime, create a folder called projects which is where our app volition live.
mkdir projects && cd projects Inside projects, permit's use virtualenv to create an environs for our app'southward dependencies.
virtualenv env --python python3 Notation: If you do not have virtualenv installed, install information technology using the command pip install virtualenv.
In one case that is done, activate the surroundings past running the activate shell script.
source env/bin/activate If that command works, you should run across an (env) prompt on your last.
#(env)~/projects $ Everything look fine? Awesome! Allow's now employ pip to install Django into our environment.
#(env)~/projects $ pip install django That command should install Django into your environment. As of the time of writing, the Django version is one.10.4.
Nosotros are then going to call the django-admin script to create our Django app. Allow's do that similar this:
#(env)~/projects $ django-admin startproject djangotemplates If you check your projects binder structure, you should at present have a new folder called djangotemplates created by Django in addition to the earlier env folder nosotros created.
cd into djangotemplates.
Your binder structure should now be like to this:
djangotemplates --djangotemplates ----**init**.py ----settings.py ----urls.py ----wsgi.py --manage.py All done? Yous are now set up to brainstorm!
Settings for managing static files
Static files include stuff like CSS, JavaScript and images that you may want to serve aslope your site. Django is very opinionated about how y'all should include your static files. In this article, I will testify how to go almost adding static files to a Django application.
Open the settings.py file inside the inner djangotemplates folder. At the very bottom of the file you should run across these lines:
# djangotemplates/djangotemplates/settings.py # Static files (CSS, JavaScript, Images) # https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/i.10/howto/static-files/ STATIC_URL = '/static/' This line tells Django to append static to the base of operations url (in our case localhost:8000) when searching for static files. In Django, you could have a static folder almost anywhere yous want. You tin can even have more than than one static folder east.g. ane in each app. However, to keep things simple, I will utilise just 1 static binder in the root of our project folder. We volition create one subsequently. For now, permit's add some lines in the settings.py file so that it looks like this.
# djangotemplates/djangotemplates/settings.py # Static files (CSS, JavaScript, Images) # https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.10/howto/static-files/ STATIC_URL = '/static/' # Add these new lines STATICFILES_DIRS = ( os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'static' ) , ) STATIC_ROOT = os.path.bring together(BASE_DIR, 'staticfiles' ) The STATICFILES_DIRS tuple tells Django where to look for static files that are not tied to a item app. In this case, we just told Django to also await for static files in a folder called static in our root folder, not merely in our apps.
Django as well provides a mechanism for collecting static files into one place so that they tin be served easily. Using the collectstatic command, Django looks for all static files in your apps and collects them wherever you lot told it to, i.e. the STATIC_ROOT. In our case, we are telling Django that when nosotros run python manage.py collectstatic, get together all static files into a folder called staticfiles in our project root directory. This characteristic is very handy for serving static files, especially in product settings.
App setup
Create a folder called static on the same level as the inner djangotemplates folder and the manage.py file. Yous should now have this structure:
djangotemplates --djangotemplates ----**init**.py ----settings.py ----urls.py ----wsgi.py --static --manage.py Inside this folder is where we volition have whatsoever custom CSS and JS we choose to write. On that note, allow's add two folders within the static folder to hold our files, 1 called css and the other called js. Inside css, create a file chosen main.css. Add a main.js in the js folder as well. Your static folder should now look like this:
--static ----css ------main.cs ----js ------main.js In one case that is washed, let's create a new Django app called example that we will exist working with. Exercise you remember how to do that? Don't worry, information technology's quite uncomplicated.
#(env)~/projects/djangotemplates $ python manage.py startapp example In one case that is done, you should take a folder called example aslope djangotemplates and static. And of course y'all should still be able to see the manage.py file.
djangotemplates --djangotemplates ----**init**.py ----settings.py ----urls.py ----wsgi.py --example --static --manage.py We need to tell Django almost our new app. Go to the inner djangotemplates binder, open upwardly settings.py and look for INSTALLED_APPS. Add together example under the other included apps.
# djangotemplates/djangotemplates/settings.py DEBUG = Truthful ALLOWED_HOSTS = [ ] # Awarding definition INSTALLED_APPS = [ 'django.contrib.admin' , 'django.contrib.auth' , 'django.contrib.contenttypes' , 'django.contrib.sessions' , 'django.contrib.messages' , 'django.contrib.staticfiles' , 'example' , # Add this line ] Just to recap, we at present accept the post-obit folder construction:
djangotemplates --djangotemplates ----**init**.py ----settings.py ----urls.py ----wsgi.py --example ----migrations ------**init**.py ----admin.py ----apps.py ----models.py ----tests.py ----views.py --static ----css ------main.cs ----js ------chief.js --manage.py URL definition
Let'due south define a URL to go to our new app. Permit's edit djangotemplates/djangotemplates/urls.py to upshot that.
# djangotemplates/djangotemplates/urls.py from django.conf.urls import url, include # Add include to the imports here from django.contrib import admin urlpatterns = [ url( r'^admin/' , admin.site.urls) , url( r'^' , include( 'example.urls' ) ) # tell django to read urls.py in example app ] Afterward that, in the instance app folder, create a new file called urls.py and add the following lawmaking:
# djangotemplates/example/urls.py from django.conf.urls import url from example import views urlpatterns = [ url( r'^$' , views.HomePageView.as_view( ) , proper noun= 'dwelling' ) , # Notice the URL has been named url( r'^well-nigh/$' , views.AboutPageView.as_view( ) , proper noun= 'about' ) , ] The lawmaking we accept simply written tells Django to friction match the empty route (i.e localhost:8000) to a view chosen HomePageView and the route /about/ to a view called AboutPageView. Remember, Django views take in HTTP requests and return HTTP responses. In our instance, we shall use a TemplateView that returns a Habitation Folio template and some other one for the About page. To do this, inside your example app folder, create some other binder called templates. Inside the new templates folder, create two new files called index.html and about.html. Your example app folder should now have this construction:
--example ----migrations ------**init**.py ----templates ------index.html ------about.html ----admin.py ----apps.py ----models.py ----tests.py ----urls.py ----views.py Inside the index.html, paste the following code:
<!-- djangotemplates/example/templates/index.html--> <! DOCTYPE html > <html lang = "en" > <head > <meta charset = "UTF-eight" > <championship > Welcome Abode </title > </head > <body > <p > "Lorem ipsum dolor sit down amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat not proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum." </p > <a href = "{% url 'home' %}" > Go Home </a > <a href = "{% url 'virtually' %}" > About This Site </a > </body > </html > Add this code to nearly.html:
<!-- djangotemplates/case/templates/almost.html--> <! DOCTYPE html > <html lang = "en" > <head > <meta charset = "UTF-eight" > <title > About Us </title > </caput > <body > <p > We are a group of Django enthusiasts with the following idiosyncrasies: <ol > <li > Nosotros only swallow bananas on Saturdays. </li > <li > Nosotros dearest making playing football on rainy days. </li > </ol > </p > <a href = "{% url 'abode' %}" > Go Dwelling house </a > <a href = "{% url 'well-nigh' %}" > Almost This Site </a > </body > </html > Notice how we are referring to our links for Go Home and About This Site in our templates. We tin can employ Django's automated URL reverse lookup because we named our URLs in our urls.py. Neat, huh!
We shall encounter the consequence of this code in the next section.
Wiring up the views
Let'southward add the final code to serve up our templates. We need to edit djangotemplates/example/views.py for this.
# djangotemplates/example/views.py from django.shortcuts import render from django.views.generic import TemplateView # Import TemplateView # Add the 2 views nosotros accept been talking about all this time :) course HomePageView (TemplateView) : template_name = "index.html" class AboutPageView (TemplateView) : template_name = "virtually.html" Now we can run our app. Nosotros first demand to make Django's default migrations since this is the starting time fourth dimension we are running our app.
#(env)~/projects/djangotemplates $ python manage.py migrate In one case that is washed, start your server.
#(env)~/projects/djangotemplates $ python manage.py runserver Open your browser and navigate to http://localhost:8000. You should be able to see our dwelling page.
Clicking the links at the bottom should be able to navigate y'all betwixt the pages. Hither is the Nigh folio: 
Template Inheritance
Allow's shift our focus to the templates folder inside the example app folder. At the moment, it contains 2 templates, alphabetize.html and about.html.
Nosotros would like both these templates to take some CSS included. Instead of rewriting the same code in both of them, Django allows us to create a base template which they volition both inherit from. This prevents u.s.a. from having to write a lot of repeated lawmaking in our templates when we need to modify anything that is shared.
Let'due south create the base template now. Create a file called base.html in djangotemplates/example/templates. Write this lawmaking inside it:
<!-- djangotemplates/example/templates/base.html --> {% load static %} <! DOCTYPE html > <html > <caput > <meta charset = "utf-eight" > <title > Django Sample Site - {% block championship %}{% endblock %} </championship > <script src = "{% static 'js/chief.js' %}" > </script > <!-- This is how to include a static file --> <link rel = "stylesheet" href = "{% static 'css/master.css' %}" blazon = "text/css" /> </caput > <body > <div class = "container" > {% block pagecontent %} {% endblock %} </div > </body > </html > The very first line in the file, {% load static %}, uses Django's special template tag syntax to tell the template engine to use the files in the static folder in this template.
In the title tag, nosotros use a Django block. What this means is that in whatsoever Django template which inherits from this base template, whatsoever HTML which is inside a block named title will be plugged into the title block. The same goes for the body tag'south pagecontent block. If this sounds disruptive, don't worry. You will come across it in activity before long.
If you are not running your Django server, run information technology past executing python manage.py runserver in your terminal. Go to http://localhost:8000. You lot should see the previous template. 
Now edit the index.html template to inherit from the base template.
<!-- djangotemplates/example/templates/index.html --> {% extends 'base of operations.html' %} <!-- Add this for inheritance --> <! DOCTYPE html > <html lang = "en" > <caput > <meta charset = "UTF-8" > <title > Welcome Home </title > </head > <body > <p > "Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed exercise eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim advertizing minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum." </p > <a href = "{% url 'home' %}" > Get Home </a > <a href = "{% url 'nearly' %}" > About This Site </a > </body > </html > Reload the page in your browser. Zip appears! This is considering Django expects your content to be written inside the blocks nosotros defined in the base of operations template then that they tin be rendered. Edit the index.html to add the blocks:
<!-- djangotemplates/case/templates/alphabetize.html --> {% extends 'base.html' %} <! DOCTYPE html > <html lang = "en" > <head > <meta charset = "UTF-8" > <championship > {% block title %}Welcome Dwelling house {% endblock %} </championship > </head > <trunk > {% block pagecontent %} <p > "Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum." </p > <a href = "{% url 'home' %}" > Go Dwelling </a > <a href = "{% url 'about' %}" > Nigh This Site </a > {% endblock %} </body > </html > Reload the folio in the browser and voila! Your content should appear again! 
We tin can also edit the about.html template to use the same.
<!-- djangotemplates/example/templates/about.html --> {% extends 'base.html' %} <!-- Add together this for inheritance --> <! DOCTYPE html > <html lang = "en" > <head > <meta charset = "UTF-8" > <title > {% block championship %}Well-nigh Us {% endblock %} </title > </head > <body > {% block pagecontent %} <p > We are a group of Django enthusiasts with the post-obit idiosyncrasies: <ol > <li > We but eat bananas on Saturdays. </li > <li > We love making playing football on rainy days. </li > </ol > </p > <a href = "{% url 'dwelling house' %}" > Get Domicile </a > <a href = "{% url 'about' %}" > About This Site </a > {% endblock %} </trunk > </html > You should now see this on the About page: 
Which is exactly the same as before!
All the same, now since both templates inherit from a base template, I can easily style them. Open upwardly main.css in your css folder and add these styles:
.container { background : #eac656; margin : 10 ten 10 10; edge : 3px solid blackness; } This volition style the container div which we are loading our content into. Refresh your browser. Y'all should run across this:
The Dwelling Page: 
The About Page: 
Rendering templates with data from views
You can use Django's template engine to display data in very powerful ways. In this department, I will create a Django view that will pass data into a template. I will and so bear witness you how to access that information in the template and brandish information technology to the user.
Outset things first, open up views.py in the case app folder. We will add together a new view to serve data into our yet to be data.html template. Modify the views.py file to look like this:
# djangotemplates/case/views.py from django.shortcuts import render from django.views.generic import TemplateView class HomePageView (TemplateView) : template_name = "alphabetize.html" grade AboutPageView (TemplateView) : template_name = "about.html" # Add together this view class DataPageView (TemplateView) : def become (cocky, request, **kwargs) : # we will pass this context object into the # template so that we can access the data # list in the template context = { 'data' : [ { 'name' : 'Celeb 1' , 'worth' : '3567892' } , { 'proper name' : 'Celeb 2' , 'worth' : '23000000' } , { 'name' : 'Celeb 3' , 'worth' : '1000007' } , { 'name' : 'Celeb iv' , 'worth' : '456789' } , { 'proper noun' : 'Celeb 5' , 'worth' : '7890000' } , { 'name' : 'Celeb 6' , 'worth' : '12000456' } , { 'proper name' : 'Celeb vii' , 'worth' : '896000' } , { 'name' : 'Celeb 8' , 'worth' : '670000' } ] } return return(asking, 'information.html' , context) We are using the same kind of view we used to render the other templates. However, we are now passing a context object to the render method. The cardinal-value pairs defined in the context will be available in the template being rendered and we can iterate through them only similar any other list.
To finish this up, become to the urls.py file in the how-do-you-do app and add together the URL design for our new view then that information technology looks similar this:
# djangotemplates/example/urls.py from django.conf.urls import url from example import views urlpatterns = [ url( r'^$' , views.HomePageView.as_view( ) , name= 'home' ) , url( r'^about/$' , views.AboutPageView.as_view( ) , name= 'nigh' ) , url( r'^data/$' , views.DataPageView.as_view( ) , name= 'information' ) , # Add this URL pattern ] Finally, let's create the template. In the templates folder, create a file called data.html and write this code inside information technology.
<!-- djangotemplates/example/templates/data.html --> {% extends 'base of operations.html' %} <! DOCTYPE html > <html > <head > <meta charset = "utf-8" > <championship > </championship > </head > <trunk > {% cake pagecontent %} <div grade = "tabular array-div" > <!-- Nosotros volition display our data in a normal HTML table using Django's template for-loop to generate our table rows for us--> <table class = "table" > <thead > <tr > <th > Celebrity Proper noun </thursday > <th > Net Worth </thursday > </tr > </thead > <tbody > {% for celebrity in data %} <tr > <td > {{ celebrity.name }} </td > <td > {{ celebrity.worth }} </td > </tr > {% endfor %} </tbody > </table > </div > {% endblock %} </body > </html > In data.html, yous can meet that nosotros use what is essentially a for loop to go through the data list. Binding of values in Django templates is done using {{}} curly brackets much like in AngularJS.
With your server running, go to http://localhost:8000/data/ to encounter the template. 
Including snippets into your templates
We now accept 3 templates, index.html, about.html and information.html. Let'south link them together using a unproblematic navigation bar. First up, let'due south write the code for the navigation bar in another HTML template.
In the templates folder inside the example app, create a new binder called partials. Inside it, create a file called nav-bar.html. The templates folder construction should now exist like this:
templates ----index.html ----nearly.html ----data.html ----partials ------nav-bar.html Edit the nav-bar.html partial and then that it contains this code:
<!-- djangotemplates/example/templates/partials/nav-bar.html --> <div class = "nav" > <a href = "{% url 'dwelling' %}" > Get Home </a > <a href = "{% url 'about' %}" > About This Site </a > <a href = "{% url 'data' %}" > View Data </a > </div > Including snippets in a template is very simple. We use the includes keyword provided by Django's templating engine. Go ahead and change index.html to this:
<!-- djangotemplates/instance/templates/index.html --> {% extends 'base.html' %} <! DOCTYPE html > <html lang = "en" > <head > <meta charset = "UTF-8" > <title > {% block title %}Welcome Habitation {% endblock %} </title > </head > <trunk > {% block pagecontent %} <p > "Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim advertisement minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat not proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum." </p > {% include 'partials/nav-bar.html' %} <!--Add together this--> <!-- Remove these ii lines -- > <!-- <a href="{% url 'dwelling' %}">Go Dwelling</a> --> <!-- <a href="{% url 'virtually' %}">About This Site</a> --> {% endblock %} </body > </html > Modify virtually.html to this:
<!-- djangotemplates/example/templates/nearly.html --> {% extends 'base.html' %} <! DOCTYPE html > <html lang = "en" > <caput > <meta charset = "UTF-eight" > <title > {% block title %}About The states {% endblock %} </title > </head > <body > {% block pagecontent %} <p > We are a grouping of Django enthusiasts with the following idiosyncrasies: <ol > <li > Nosotros simply eat bananas on Saturdays. </li > <li > Nosotros dearest making playing football on rainy days. </li > </ol > </p > {% include 'partials/nav-bar.html' %} <!--Add this--> <!-- Remove these two lines -- > <!-- <a href="{% url 'home' %}">Become Dwelling</a> --> <!-- <a href="{% url 'about' %}">Near This Site</a> --> {% endblock %} </body > </html > Lastly, modify data.html to this:
<!-- djangotemplates/example/templates/data.html --> {% extends 'base.html' %} <! DOCTYPE html > <html > <head > <meta charset = "utf-eight" > <championship > </title > </caput > <body > {% block pagecontent %} <div class = "table-div" > <table class = "tabular array" > <thead > <tr > <th > Celebrity Name </th > <thursday > Net Worth </thursday > </tr > </thead > <tbody > {% for glory in information %} <tr > <td > {{ celebrity.proper name }} </td > <td > {{ celebrity.worth }} </td > </tr > {% endfor %} </tbody > </table > </div > {% include 'partials/nav-bar.html' %} <!--Add this--> {% endblock %} </trunk > </html > Fourth dimension to cheque out our work! Open your browser and navigate to http://localhost:8000. You should come across this: 
All the pages are now linked with the navbar so y'all tin easily navigate back and forth through them, all with minimal code written. Here is the information.html template: 
And hither is about.html: 
Note: I have added the following CSS to syle the links in the navbar. Feel gratis to use it or play with your own styles:
// djangtotemplates/static/css/main.css .container { background : #eac656; margin : 10 ten x ten; border : 3px solid black; } .nav a { background : #dedede; } Filters
Filters take data piped to them and output it in a formatted fashion. Django templates have admission to the humanize collection of filters, which brand data more human readable. Allow'southward brand the celebrity's networth field in the data template more readable by using some of these filters.
To use Django's humanize filters, you first demand to edit some settings. Open up djangotemplates/settings.py and edit the INSTALLED_APPS list to this:
# djangotemplates/djangotemplates/settings.py ALLOWED_HOSTS = [ ] # Awarding definition INSTALLED_APPS = [ 'django.contrib.admin' , 'django.contrib.auth' , 'django.contrib.contenttypes' , 'django.contrib.sessions' , 'django.contrib.messages' , 'django.contrib.staticfiles' , 'django.contrib.humanize' , # Add this line. Don't forget the trailing comma 'example' , ] We can at present use a filter in our templates. We are going to use the intcomma filter to add comma'southward in large numbers to brand them easier to read. Let'southward modify data.html to this:
<!-- djangotemplates/example/templates/data.html --> {% extends 'base.html' %} {% load humanize %} <!-- Add this--> <! DOCTYPE html > <html > <head > <meta charset = "utf-8" > <title > </title > </head > <body > {% block pagecontent %} <div grade = "table-div" > <table class = "table" > <thead > <tr > <thursday > Glory Name </th > <thursday > Net Worth </th > </tr > </thead > <tbody > {% for glory in data %} <tr > <td > {{ celebrity.name }} </td > <td > $ {{ celebrity.worth | intcomma }} </td > <!--Modify this line--> </tr > {% endfor %} </tbody > </tabular array > </div > {% include 'partials/nav-bar.html' %} {% endblock %} </torso > </html > When you go to http://localhost:8000/data/, you should now have a more friendly list of cyberspace worth values: 
At that place are many more filters included in the humanize package. Read about them here
Collecting Static Files
Retrieve nosotros talked most collecting static files? Try the following command:
python manage.py collectstatic You should see a prompt like the following:
Yous have requested to collect static files at the destination location as specified in your settings: /Users/amos/projects/djangotemplates/staticfiles This will overwrite existing files! Are yous sure you desire to do this? Type 'aye' to continue, or 'no' to cancel: Go ahead and say yes.
This command will tell Django to go through all your projection folders, look for all static files and store them in one place (the static root we defined in the settings). This is very efficient especially if you are deploying your site to production.
When you lot run the command collectstatic, you should see a new folder called staticfiles created in the root of your project binder. You can alter this location to something else by editing the static root setting in your project'southward settings.py file. To use these staticfiles, in your templates you will say load staticfiles instead of load static. Everything else is the same as with using the previous static folder.
Conclusion
Congratulations on reaching the end of this tutorial! By at present you should have a more detailed understanding of how Django templates work. If yous need deeper data, think the docs are your friend. You tin find the total lawmaking for this tutorial here. Make sure to leave any thoughts, questions or concerns in the comments below.
Where Do Register Django Blocks,
Source: https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/working-with-django-templates-static-files
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